TY - JOUR

T1 - Anchored hybrid enrichment challenges the traditional classification of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

AU - Buenaventura, Eliana

AU - Szpila, Krzysztof

AU - Cassel, Brian K.

AU - Wiegmann, Brian M.

AU - Pape, Thomas

N1 - Funding Information: EB wishes to thank the team of the Laboratory of Imaging of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, especially Mr Scott Whittaker, SEM Laboratory Manager, for support during the imaging work. We thank the 1KITE Antliophora group (http://1kite.org/subprojects.html), Lars Posdiadlowski, Alexander Donath, Xin Zhou and Shanlin Liu for providing unpublished dipteran transcriptome data for during bait design. Moreover, we acknowledge Lars Posdiadlowski, Alexander Donath, Christoph Mayer, Malte Petersen, Daniela Bartel, Sabrina Simon, Alexandros Vasikopolous and Karen Meusemann for their advice during orthology assignment and data analyses, and KM and AD for reading and commenting on an early version of the manuscript. We thank Keith Bayless for providing advice on data contamination. We thank Steve Marshall for giving us permission to use his photographs. KS was supported by a project of the Polish National Science Centre (2015/17/B/NZ8/02453). BKC and BMW were supported by the Schlinger Foundation and the US National Science Foundation (DEB-1754376). The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Funding Information: EB wishes to thank the team of the Laboratory of Imaging of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, especially Mr Scott Whittaker, SEM Laboratory Manager, for support during the imaging work. We thank the 1KITE Antliophora group ( http://1kite.org/subprojects.html ), Lars Posdiadlowski, Alexander Donath, Xin Zhou and Shanlin Liu for providing unpublished dipteran transcriptome data for during bait design. Moreover, we acknowledge Lars Posdiadlowski, Alexander Donath, Christoph Mayer, Malte Petersen, Daniela Bartel, Sabrina Simon, Alexandros Vasikopolous and Karen Meusemann for their advice during orthology assignment and data analyses, and KM and AD for reading and commenting on an early version of the manuscript. We thank Keith Bayless for providing advice on data contamination. We thank Steve Marshall for giving us permission to use his photographs. KS was supported by a project of the Polish National Science Centre (2015/17/B/NZ8/02453). BKC and BMW were supported by the Schlinger Foundation and the US National Science Foundation (DEB‐1754376). The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 The Authors. Systematic Entomology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Royal Entomological Society.

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Sarcophagidae is one of the most species-rich families within the superfamily Oestroidea. This diversity is usually represented by three lineages: Miltogramminae, Paramacronychiinae and Sarcophaginae. Historically, the phylogenetic relationships among these lineages have been elusive, due to poorly supported hypotheses or small taxon sets, or both. This study provides a dramatic increase in molecular data, more balanced sampling of all three lineages from all biogeographical regions and a reassessment of morphological characters using scanning electron microscopy in the most comprehensive assessment of subfamily-level phylogeny in Sarcophagidae to date. This analysis of the largest molecular dataset ever produced for a phylogenetic analysis of a fly lineage, with 950 loci from anchored hybrid enrichment comprising 435 930 bp from 101 species, revealed Paramacronychiinae as sister to Miltogramminae, not to Sarcophaginae, as suggested by adult morphology. Maximum likelihood analysis produced a well-supported topology, with 91% of the nodes receiving strong bootstrap proportions (> 97%). In contrast to the molecular data, three out of nine morphological characters studied point to a sister-group relationship of (Sarcophaginae + Paramacronychiinae) and the remaining six characters are either silent on subfamily relationships or in need of further study. Re-examination of morphological structures provides new insights into the evolution of male genitalic traits within Sarcophagidae and highlights their convergence producing conflicting phylogenetic signal. Our phylogeny reconciles older and widely used systems of classification with tree-based thinking and sets up a classification of flesh flies that is more aligned with their evolutionary history.

AB - Sarcophagidae is one of the most species-rich families within the superfamily Oestroidea. This diversity is usually represented by three lineages: Miltogramminae, Paramacronychiinae and Sarcophaginae. Historically, the phylogenetic relationships among these lineages have been elusive, due to poorly supported hypotheses or small taxon sets, or both. This study provides a dramatic increase in molecular data, more balanced sampling of all three lineages from all biogeographical regions and a reassessment of morphological characters using scanning electron microscopy in the most comprehensive assessment of subfamily-level phylogeny in Sarcophagidae to date. This analysis of the largest molecular dataset ever produced for a phylogenetic analysis of a fly lineage, with 950 loci from anchored hybrid enrichment comprising 435 930 bp from 101 species, revealed Paramacronychiinae as sister to Miltogramminae, not to Sarcophaginae, as suggested by adult morphology. Maximum likelihood analysis produced a well-supported topology, with 91% of the nodes receiving strong bootstrap proportions (> 97%). In contrast to the molecular data, three out of nine morphological characters studied point to a sister-group relationship of (Sarcophaginae + Paramacronychiinae) and the remaining six characters are either silent on subfamily relationships or in need of further study. Re-examination of morphological structures provides new insights into the evolution of male genitalic traits within Sarcophagidae and highlights their convergence producing conflicting phylogenetic signal. Our phylogeny reconciles older and widely used systems of classification with tree-based thinking and sets up a classification of flesh flies that is more aligned with their evolutionary history.

U2 - 10.1111/syen.12395

DO - 10.1111/syen.12395

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85074715039

VL - 45

SP - 281

EP - 301

JO - Systematic Entomology

JF - Systematic Entomology

SN - 0307-6970

IS - 2

ER -