The impact of urea on toxic diatoms – Potential effects of fertilizer silo breakdown on a Pseudo-nitzschia bloom
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The impact of urea on toxic diatoms – Potential effects of fertilizer silo breakdown on a Pseudo-nitzschia bloom. / Olesen, Anna J.; Harðardóttir, Sara; Daugbjerg, Niels; Andersen, Per; Lyngsgaard, Maren; Krock, Bernd; Lundholm, Nina.
I: Harmful Algae, Bind 95, 101817, 2020.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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T1 - The impact of urea on toxic diatoms – Potential effects of fertilizer silo breakdown on a Pseudo-nitzschia bloom
AU - Olesen, Anna J.
AU - Harðardóttir, Sara
AU - Daugbjerg, Niels
AU - Andersen, Per
AU - Lyngsgaard, Maren
AU - Krock, Bernd
AU - Lundholm, Nina
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - In spring 2016, two silos containing liquid nitrogen-containing fertilizer collapsed on a harbor in Fredericia, Denmark. More than 2,750 tons of fertilizer spilled into inner Danish waters. A bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia occurred approximately one month after the incident. The bloom caused a 5-week quarantine of numerous mussel-harvesting areas along the eastern coast of Jutland. The levels of domoic acid measured up to 49 mg kg−1 in mussel meat after the bloom. In the months following the event, the species diversity of phytoplankton was low, while the abundance was high comprising few dominant species including Pseudo-nitzschia. The main part of the liquid nitrogen-containing compound was urea, chemically produced for agricultural use. To investigate the potential impact of urea on Pseudo-nitzschia, four strains, including one strain of P. delicatissima, two of P. seriata and one of P. obtusa, were exposed each to three concentrations of urea in a batch culture experiment: 10 μM, 20 μM and 100 μM N urea, and for comparison one concentration of nitrate (10 μM). Nitrate, ammonium, and urea were metabolized at different rates. Pseudo-nitzschia obtusa produced domoic acid and grew best at low urea concentrations. Both P. seriata strains had a positive correlation between urea concentration and growth rate, and the highest growth rate in the nitrate treatment. One strain of P. seriata produced domoic acid peaking at low N loads (10 µM N urea and 10 µM N nitrate). In conclusion, the ability to adapt to the available nitrogen source and retain a high growth rate was exceedingly varying and not only species-specific but also strain specific.
AB - In spring 2016, two silos containing liquid nitrogen-containing fertilizer collapsed on a harbor in Fredericia, Denmark. More than 2,750 tons of fertilizer spilled into inner Danish waters. A bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia occurred approximately one month after the incident. The bloom caused a 5-week quarantine of numerous mussel-harvesting areas along the eastern coast of Jutland. The levels of domoic acid measured up to 49 mg kg−1 in mussel meat after the bloom. In the months following the event, the species diversity of phytoplankton was low, while the abundance was high comprising few dominant species including Pseudo-nitzschia. The main part of the liquid nitrogen-containing compound was urea, chemically produced for agricultural use. To investigate the potential impact of urea on Pseudo-nitzschia, four strains, including one strain of P. delicatissima, two of P. seriata and one of P. obtusa, were exposed each to three concentrations of urea in a batch culture experiment: 10 μM, 20 μM and 100 μM N urea, and for comparison one concentration of nitrate (10 μM). Nitrate, ammonium, and urea were metabolized at different rates. Pseudo-nitzschia obtusa produced domoic acid and grew best at low urea concentrations. Both P. seriata strains had a positive correlation between urea concentration and growth rate, and the highest growth rate in the nitrate treatment. One strain of P. seriata produced domoic acid peaking at low N loads (10 µM N urea and 10 µM N nitrate). In conclusion, the ability to adapt to the available nitrogen source and retain a high growth rate was exceedingly varying and not only species-specific but also strain specific.
KW - Domoic acid
KW - Fertilizer spill
KW - Harmful algal bloom
KW - Nitrogen
KW - Pseudo-nitzschia
KW - Urea
U2 - 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101817
DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101817
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 32439060
AN - SCOPUS:85084032860
VL - 95
JO - Harmful Algae
JF - Harmful Algae
SN - 1568-9883
M1 - 101817
ER -
ID: 242361916