Echoes of ancient introgression punctuate stable genomic lineages in the evolution of figs
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Studies investigating the evolution of flowering plants have long focused on isolating mechanisms such as pollinator specificity. Some recent studies have proposed a role for introgressive hybridization between species, recognizing that isolating processes such as pollinator specialization may not be complete barriers to hybridization. Occasional hybridization may therefore lead to distinct yet reproductively connected lineages. We investigate the balance between introgression and reproductive isolation in a diverse clade using a densely sampled phylogenomic study of fig trees (Ficus, Moraceae). Codiversification with specialized pollinating wasps (Agaonidae) is recognized as a major engine of fig diversity, leading to about 850 species. Nevertheless, some studies have focused on the importance of hybridization in Ficus, highlighting the consequences of pollinator sharing. Here, we employ dense taxon sampling (520 species) throughout Moraceae and 1,751 loci to investigate phylogenetic relationships and the prevalence of introgression among species throughout the history of Ficus. We present a well-resolved phylogenomic backbone for Ficus, providing a solid foundation for an updated classification. Our results paint a picture of phylogenetically stable evolution within lineages punctuated by occasional local introgression events likely mediated by local pollinator sharing, illustrated by clear cases of cytoplasmic introgression that have been nearly drowned out of the nuclear genome through subsequent lineage fidelity. The phylogenetic history of figs thus highlights that while hybridization is an important process in plant evolution, the mere ability of species to hybridize locally does not necessarily translate into ongoing introgression between distant lineages, particularly in the presence of obligate plant–pollinator relationships.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | e2222035120 |
| Tidsskrift | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Vol/bind | 120 |
| Udgave nummer | 28 |
| Antal sider | 11 |
| ISSN | 0027-8424 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
E.M.G.; a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council (201806140098) to S.L.; and a grant from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ, E–26/202.277/2019, E–26/202.278/2019) to L.C.P.
Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank the late C.C. Berg, D. Dixon, E. Jousselin, O. Maurin, C. Michenaud, and O. Ryding for providing material or assistance in obtaining material for this study; Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden,Montgomery Botanical Center, and the Ornamental program at the USDA-ARS Subtropical Horticulture Research Station for access to living collections; C. Hansen for help in sample preparation; and Postar Miun, Jeisin Jumian, Markus Gubilil, S. Brono, Aloyzius Laim, Salang anak Nyegang, Saini anak Rosalin, Jugah anak Tagi, Raihan Rashida binti Ruslan,and Norazira binti Ramnor for assistance in the field.We thank the Sabah Biodiversity Centre (permit nos.JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.9 (26) and JKM/ MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.9 (27) and export license no. JKM/MBS.1000-2/3 JLD.4 (15)); Chief Conservator of Forests and Deputy Chief Conservator of Forests (Research & Development),Sabah Forestry Department; and Sabah Parks for permission to conduct field research in Sabah, and the Sarawak Forest Department for permission to conduct field research in Sarawak (permit nos.NPW.907.4.4(JLD.14)-137 and (245) JHS/NCCD/600-7/2/107/JLD.2 and park permit nos.WL69/2017 and WL124/2019). This research was part of the PhD work of SBLunder the supervision of N.R.,F.K.,and W.L.C.and of S.B.-L.supervised by A.L.H.This research was funded by a grant from the Danish Council for Independent Research—Natural Sciences (#7014-00205) to N.R., S.B.-L., and F.K.; a grant from the U.S. NSF to E.M.G. (DBI 1711391); a grant from Guangzhou Collaborative Innovation Center on Science-tech of Ecology and Landscape to Y.-Q.P.; a fellowship from the National Parks Board of Singapore to
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 the Author(s).
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