TY - JOUR

T1 - The aberrant millipede genus Pteridoiulus and its position in a revised molecular phylogeny of the family Julidae (Diplopoda : Julida)

AU - Enghoff, Henrik

AU - Petersen, Gitte

AU - Seberg, Ole

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - A phylogenetic analysis of 62 species (32 genera) of the Palaearctic millipede family Julidae, including theaberrant alpine genus Pteridoiulus Verhoeff, 1913, was made based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA(16S) gene and the nuclear 28SrRNA(28S) gene, respectively. The two datasets (16SrDNAand 28SrDNA)were analysed incombination but treated as different partitions using direct optimisation as implemented in POY. The 16S rDNA and the28S rDNA sequences vary from 410 to 449 bp and from 467 to 525 bp in length, respectively. All searches were performedunder six different gap opening costs, an extension gap cost of 1, and a substitution cost of 2. Based on previous investigationsthe optimal gap opening cost was set to 4, and the robustness of different gap opening costs ranging from 1 to 6 investigated.Additionally, the two data partitions were aligned individually usingMAFTTand run inTNT both with gaps treated as a fifthstate, and as missing, and finally the alignments were used as input in a maximum likelihood (ML) analysis. The order Julidaand the family Julidae were recovered as monophyletic under all weight sets in POY, as well as in the TNT andMLanalyses.Likewise, in all analyses Pteridoiulus was found to be sister to another monotypic alpine genus, Heteroiulus Verhoeff, 1897.The Pteridoiulus+ Heteroiulus clade is robust to parameter changes but lacks morphological support. The distributionpattern of the clade, Pteridoiulus in the eastern Alps (mainly Austria), Heteroiulus in the southern Alps (Italy) seems unique,since similar patterns all involve very similar, closely related species pairs.

AB - A phylogenetic analysis of 62 species (32 genera) of the Palaearctic millipede family Julidae, including theaberrant alpine genus Pteridoiulus Verhoeff, 1913, was made based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA(16S) gene and the nuclear 28SrRNA(28S) gene, respectively. The two datasets (16SrDNAand 28SrDNA)were analysed incombination but treated as different partitions using direct optimisation as implemented in POY. The 16S rDNA and the28S rDNA sequences vary from 410 to 449 bp and from 467 to 525 bp in length, respectively. All searches were performedunder six different gap opening costs, an extension gap cost of 1, and a substitution cost of 2. Based on previous investigationsthe optimal gap opening cost was set to 4, and the robustness of different gap opening costs ranging from 1 to 6 investigated.Additionally, the two data partitions were aligned individually usingMAFTTand run inTNT both with gaps treated as a fifthstate, and as missing, and finally the alignments were used as input in a maximum likelihood (ML) analysis. The order Julidaand the family Julidae were recovered as monophyletic under all weight sets in POY, as well as in the TNT andMLanalyses.Likewise, in all analyses Pteridoiulus was found to be sister to another monotypic alpine genus, Heteroiulus Verhoeff, 1897.The Pteridoiulus+ Heteroiulus clade is robust to parameter changes but lacks morphological support. The distributionpattern of the clade, Pteridoiulus in the eastern Alps (mainly Austria), Heteroiulus in the southern Alps (Italy) seems unique,since similar patterns all involve very similar, closely related species pairs.

U2 - 10.1071/IS13016

DO - 10.1071/IS13016

M3 - Journal article

VL - 27

SP - 515

EP - 529

JO - Invertebrate Systematics

JF - Invertebrate Systematics

SN - 1445-5226

IS - 5

ER -