Ongoing declines for the world’s amphibians in the face of emerging threats: [Inkl. Correction]
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Systematic assessments of species extinction risk at regular intervals are necessary for informing conservation action1,2. Ongoing developments in taxonomy, threatening processes and research further underscore the need for reassessment3,4. Here we report the findings of the second Global Amphibian Assessment, evaluating 8,011 species for the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. We find that amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate class (40.7% of species are globally threatened). The updated Red List Index shows that the status of amphibians is deteriorating globally, particularly for salamanders and in the Neotropics. Disease and habitat loss drove 91% of status deteriorations between 1980 and 2004. Ongoing and projected climate change effects are now of increasing concern, driving 39% of status deteriorations since 2004, followed by habitat loss (37%). Although signs of species recoveries incentivize immediate conservation action, scaled-up investment is urgently needed to reverse the current trends.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | Nature |
| Vol/bind | 622 |
| Udgave nummer | 7982 |
| Sider (fra-til) | 308-314 |
| Antal sider | 7 |
| ISSN | 0028-0836 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
We thank each of the contributors named in the Supplementary Information and D. Church, W. Sechrest, P. Ghosh, J. P. Rodriguez, K. Mileham and R. Akcakaya, without whom the GAA2 would have not been possible. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN’s staff, members or commissions. The designation of geographical entities in this paper, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The majority of funds were provided by Re:wild, Synchronicity Earth, Kering and the Environment Agency—Abu Dhabi Framework Grant to the IUCN Species Survival Commission (S.N.S., J.A.L., P.L. and B.L.). Grants for specific components of the GAA2 are listed as follows. Alashan SEE Foundation grant The IUCN Red List Workshop for Chinese Amphibian Species (to J.A.L. and L.H.). Detroit Zoological Society grant Catalyzing Amphibian Conservation in Honduras (to J.A.L., K.N., L.H. and P.L.). Detroit Zoological Society grant Support to the IUCN SSC Amphibian Red List Authority for the Updates of Madagascar and the Tropical Americas (to J.A.L. and A. Angulo). Dilmah Conservation grant Updating the IUCN Red List Assessments for the Amphibians of Sri Lanka (to J.A.L., K.N., L.H. and P.L.). Honolulu Zoo grant Support to Amphibian Conservation in Southeast Asia (to J.A.L. and A. Angulo). IUCN Red List Committee allocation of funds raised in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 through the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) to the IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group Red List Authority (to J.A.L., S.N.S., P.L., B.L., K.N. and L.H.). Kering grant Critical Biodiversity Information for Decision-Making (to J.A.L., P.L., K.N. and L.H.). Museo delle Scienze di Trento to the IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group Red List Authority (to J.A.L. and A. Angulo). NatureServe grant Andean Species-level Indicators (to J.A.L., K.N. and L.H.). Rainforest Trust grant Identifying Priority Sites for the Most Threatened Amphibian Species (to J.A.L., K.N., L.H. and S.N.S.). Yayasan Belantara grant support for the Indonesian Amphibian Red List Assessment Workshop (to M.D.K. and A.H.). In addition to the many institutions that hosted workshops and provided the time of their staff to participate in the GAA2, we recognize the contributions of the following organizations: the American Museum of Natural History’s Amphibian Species of the World; Re:wild; the IUCN Biodiversity Assessment Unit; the Amphibian Survival Alliance; the IUCN SSC Chair’s Office; the Red List Technical Working Group; Amphibian Ark; NatureServe; Synchronicity Earth; and iNaturalist. Serving as the gatekeeper to the Red List, the members of the IUCN Red List Unit provided technical training and support, maintenance of the online Species Information Service database, assessment checks and publication of assessments on the Red List website. We recognize in particular the contributions of A. Joolia, A. M. Richardt, C. Pollock, C. Hilton-Taylor, J. Scott and J. Window. The GAA2 was an extensive collaboration of over 1,000 individuals. We acknowledge their contributions and have listed their contributions individually in the ‘Extended acknowledgements’ section of the Supplementary Information.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
ID: 369977367