A comprehensive phylogeny of dwarf geckos of the genus Lygodactylus, with insights into their systematics and morphological variation
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The 71 currently known species of dwarf geckos of the genus Lygodactylus are a clade of biogeographic interest due to their occurrence in continental Africa, Madagascar, and South America. Furthermore, because many species are morphologically cryptic, our knowledge of species-level diversity within this genus is incomplete, as indicated by numerous unnamed genetic lineages revealed in previous molecular studies. Here we provide an extensive multigene phylogeny covering 56 of the named Lygodactylus species, four named subspecies, and 34 candidate species of which 19 are newly identified in this study. Phylogenetic analyses, based on ∼10.1 kbp concatenated sequences of eight nuclear-encoded and five mitochondrial gene fragments, confirm the monophyly of 14 Lygodactylus species groups, arranged in four major clades. We recover two clades splitting from basal nodes, one comprising exclusively Malagasy species groups, and the other containing three clades. In the latter, there is a clade with only Madagascar species, which is followed by a clade containing three African and one South American species groups, and its sister clade containing six African and two Malagasy species groups. Relationships among species groups within these latter clades remain weakly supported. We reconstruct a Lygodactylus timetree based on a novel fossil-dated phylotranscriptomic tree of squamates, in which we included data from two newly sequenced Lygodactylus transcriptomes. We estimate the crown diversification of Lygodactylus started at 46 mya, and the dispersal of Lygodactylus among the main landmasses in the Oligocene and Miocene, 35–22 mya, but emphasize the wide confidence intervals of these estimates. The phylogeny suggests an initial out-of-Madagascar dispersal as most parsimonious, but accounting for poorly resolved nodes, an out-of-Africa scenario may only require one extra dispersal step. More accurate inferences into the biogeographic history of these geckos will likely require broader sampling of related genera and phylogenomic approaches to provide better topological support. A survey of morphological characters revealed that most of the major clades and species groups within Lygodactylus cannot be unambiguously characterized by external morphology alone, neither by unique character states nor by a diagnostic combination of character states. Thus, any future taxonomic work will likely benefit from integrative, phylogenomic approaches.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 107311 |
| Journal | Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |
| Volume | 165 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| ISSN | 1055-7903 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2021 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:
We are grateful to numerous friends and colleagues for their help during fieldwork; for samples collected in Madagascar, we particularly thank F. Andreone, O. Hawlitschek, J. Köhler, A. Rakotoarison, R. D. Randrianiaina, F. M. Ratsoavina, and D. R. Vieites. For fieldwork assistance in mainland Africa we are grateful to I. Agarwal, W. R. Branch, D. G. Broadley, M. Burger, L. Ceriaco, M. Heinicke, J. Marais, M. Marques, and D. Portik. Additional samples were obtained from numerous colleagues, including J. Boone, M. Burger, P. Wagner, and particularly the late W. R. Branch. We also acknowledge help with laboratory procedures by M. Buehler, T. Jackman, G. Keunecke, M. Kondermann, A. K. Ludewig, K. Oliphant, R. Schmidt and M. Rabenow. Fieldwork in Madagascar was carried out in the framework of collaboration accords of the authors’ institutions with the Université d’Antananarivo. We are grateful to the Malagasy authorities, in particular to the Ministry of the Environment, Water and Forests and Madagascar National Parks, for research, collection and export permits. In mainland southern Africa permits were provided by the respective authorities of the Northern Cape, Western Cape and Limpopo Provinces in South Africa, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of Angola, the Republic of Zimbabwe, the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, and the Zanzibar Research Commitee. In Brazil permits were issue by Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade (ICMBio/SISBIO 53310-1) and Conselho de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético (SISGen # ACA9376). AMB and SLT were supported by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB 0844523, 1019443, 1556255, EF 1241885 subaward 13-0632) and by the Gerald M. Lemole Endowed Chair Fund through Villanova University. SLT was also supported by a National Institutes of Health INSPIRE IRACDA postdoctoral fellowship (NIH K12GM093854).
Funding Information:
We are grateful to numerous friends and colleagues for their help during fieldwork; for samples collected in Madagascar, we particularly thank F. Andreone, O. Hawlitschek, J. K?hler, A. Rakotoarison, R. D. Randrianiaina, F. M. Ratsoavina, and D. R. Vieites. For fieldwork assistance in mainland Africa we are grateful to I. Agarwal, W. R. Branch, D. G. Broadley, M. Burger, L. Ceriaco, M. Heinicke, J. Marais, M. Marques, and D. Portik. Additional samples were obtained from numerous colleagues, including J. Boone, M. Burger, P. Wagner, and particularly the late W. R. Branch. We also acknowledge help with laboratory procedures by M. Buehler, T. Jackman, G. Keunecke, M. Kondermann, A. K. Ludewig, K. Oliphant, R. Schmidt and M. Rabenow. Fieldwork in Madagascar was carried out in the framework of collaboration accords of the authors? institutions with the Universit? d'Antananarivo. We are grateful to the Malagasy authorities, in particular to the Ministry of the Environment, Water and Forests and Madagascar National Parks, for research, collection and export permits. In mainland southern Africa permits were provided by the respective authorities of the Northern Cape, Western Cape and Limpopo Provinces in South Africa, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of Angola, the Republic of Zimbabwe, the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, and the Zanzibar Research Commitee. In Brazil permits were issue by Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade (ICMBio/SISBIO 53310-1) and Conselho de Gesta?o do Patrimo?nio Gene?tico (SISGen # ACA9376). AMB and SLT were supported by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB 0844523, 1019443, 1556255, EF 1241885 subaward 13-0632) and by the Gerald M. Lemole Endowed Chair Fund through Villanova University. SLT was also supported by a National Institutes of Health INSPIRE IRACDA postdoctoral fellowship (NIH K12GM093854).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Inc.
- Dispersal, Diversification, Gekkonidae, Molecular phylogeny, Squamata
Research areas
ID: 284285580