Costs and benefits of predator-induced defence in a toxic diatom
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Costs and benefits of predator-induced defence in a toxic diatom. / Olesen, Anna J.; Ryderheim, Fredrik; Krock, Bernd; Lundholm, Nina; Kiørboe, Thomas.
In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 289, No. 1972, 20212735, 2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Costs and benefits of predator-induced defence in a toxic diatom
AU - Olesen, Anna J.
AU - Ryderheim, Fredrik
AU - Krock, Bernd
AU - Lundholm, Nina
AU - Kiørboe, Thomas
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Phytoplankton employ a variety of defence mechanisms against predation, including production of toxins. Domoic acid (DA) production by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. is induced by the presence of predators and is considered to provide defence benefits, but the evidence is circumstantial. We exposed eight different strains of P. seriata to chemical cues from copepods and examined the costs and the benefits of toxin production. The magnitude of the induced toxin response was highly variable among strains, while the costs in terms of growth reduction per DA cell quota were similar and the trade-off thus consistent. We found two components of the defence in induced cells: (i) a 'private good' in terms of elevated rejection of captured cells and (ii) a 'public good' facilitated by a reduction in copepod feeding activity. Induced cells were more frequently rejected by copepods and rejections were directly correlated with DA cell quota and independent of access to other food items. By contrast, the public-good effect was diminished by the presence of alternative prey suggesting that it does not play a major role in bloom formation and that its evolution is closely associated with the grazing-deterrent private good.
AB - Phytoplankton employ a variety of defence mechanisms against predation, including production of toxins. Domoic acid (DA) production by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. is induced by the presence of predators and is considered to provide defence benefits, but the evidence is circumstantial. We exposed eight different strains of P. seriata to chemical cues from copepods and examined the costs and the benefits of toxin production. The magnitude of the induced toxin response was highly variable among strains, while the costs in terms of growth reduction per DA cell quota were similar and the trade-off thus consistent. We found two components of the defence in induced cells: (i) a 'private good' in terms of elevated rejection of captured cells and (ii) a 'public good' facilitated by a reduction in copepod feeding activity. Induced cells were more frequently rejected by copepods and rejections were directly correlated with DA cell quota and independent of access to other food items. By contrast, the public-good effect was diminished by the presence of alternative prey suggesting that it does not play a major role in bloom formation and that its evolution is closely associated with the grazing-deterrent private good.
KW - copepods
KW - defensive benefit
KW - diatom defence
KW - marine chemical interactions
KW - trade-offs
U2 - 10.1098/rspb.2021.2735
DO - 10.1098/rspb.2021.2735
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35414232
AN - SCOPUS:85128123988
VL - 289
JO - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
JF - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
SN - 0962-8452
IS - 1972
M1 - 20212735
ER -
ID: 308889809