Monitoring of environmental DNA from nonindigenous species of algae, dinoflagellates and animals in the North East Atlantic

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Knudsen, Steen Wilhelm
Martin Hesselsøe
Jens Thaulow
Sune Agersnap
Brian Klitgaard Hansen
Magnus Wulff Jacobsen
Dorte Bekkevold
Søren K. S. Jensen
Møller, Peter Rask
Jesper H. Andersen

Monitoring the distribution of marine nonindigenous species is a challenging task. To support this monitoring, we developed and validated the specificity of 12 primer-probe assays for detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) from marine species, all nonindigenous to Europe. The species include sturgeons, a Pacific red algae, oyster thief, a freshwater hydroid from the Black Sea, Chinese mitten crab, Pacific oyster, warty comb jelly, sand gaper, round goby, pink salmon, rainbow trout and North American mud crab. We tested all assays in the laboratory, on DNA extracted from both the target and non-target species to ensure that they only amplified DNA from the intended species. Subsequently, all assays were used to analyse water samples collected at 16 different harbours across two different seasons during 2017. We also included six previously published assays targeting eDNA from goldfish, European carp, two species of dinoflagellates of the genera Karenia and Prorocentrum, two species of the heterokont flagellate genus Pseudochattonella. Conventional monitoring was carried out alongside eDNA sampling but with only one sampling event over the one year. Because eDNA was relatively fast and easy to collect compared to conventional sampling, we sampled eDNA twice during 2017, which showed seasonal changes in the distribution of nonindigenous species. Comparing eDNA levels with salinity gradients did not show any correlation. A significant correlation was observed between number of species detected with conventional monitoring methods and number of species found using eDNA at each location. This supports the use of eDNA for surveillance of the distribution of marine nonindigenous species, where the speed and relative easy sampling in the field combined with fast molecular analysis may provide advantages compared to conventional monitoring methods. Prior validation of assays increases taxonomic precision, and laboratorial setup facilitates analysis of multiple samples simultaneously. The specific eDNA assays presented here can be implemented directly in monitoring programmes across Europe and potentially worldwide to infer a more precise picture of the dynamics in the distribution of marine nonindigenous species.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Artikelnummer	153093
Tidsskrift	Science of the Total Environment
Vol/bind	821
Antal sider	17
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153093
Status	Udgivet - 2022

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Danish Environmental Agency (Miljøstyrelsen; MONIS project, phase 1-4) and Innovation Fund Denmark (Grant J.nr. 104-2012-1 ). We thank Joseph Stachelek for help on the ‘ipdw’ package. We are grateful for help with sample material provided by Øresundsakvariet in Helsingør, and material from Florian Lüskow and Hans-Ulrik Risgård (Syddansk University), Henrik Carl, Marcus Krag, Christian Aakjaer Olesen, Jørgen Olesen, Tom Schiøtte, Gert Hansen and Danny Eibye Jacobsen (Natural History Museum of Denmark), Dennis Ulrik Andersen, Thomas Møller, Stine Kærulf Andersen, Britta Sønderskov Pedersen (DTU AQUA National Institute of Aquatic Resources), Marc Anglès d'Auriac, Vladyslava Hostyeva (Norwegian Institute for Water Research), Ulrik Berggreen (Danish EPA), Line Le Gall (NHMN, France), Ignacio M. Bárbara (UCD, Spain), Janne Kim Gitmark (NIVA), Sandra Lindstrom (UBC, Canada), Sherri Pucherelli (Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Hydraulic Investigations and Lab Services, AZ, USA). Thanks to Philip F. Thomsen and Eva E. Sigsgaard at Aarhus University for initial advice on protocols for extraction from filtered samples. Finally, we thank Ciarán Murray (NIVA), for linguistic corrections.

Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Danish Environmental Agency (Milj?styrelsen; MONIS project, phase 1-4) and Innovation Fund Denmark (Grant J.nr. 104-2012-1). We thank Joseph Stachelek for help on the ?ipdw? package. We are grateful for help with sample material provided by ?resundsakvariet in Helsing?r, and material from Florian L?skow and Hans-Ulrik Risg?rd (Syddansk University), Henrik Carl, Marcus Krag, Christian Aakjaer Olesen, J?rgen Olesen, Tom Schi?tte, Gert Hansen and Danny Eibye Jacobsen (Natural History Museum of Denmark), Dennis Ulrik Andersen, Thomas M?ller, Stine K?rulf Andersen, Britta S?nderskov Pedersen (DTU AQUA National Institute of Aquatic Resources), Marc Angl?s d'Auriac, Vladyslava Hostyeva (Norwegian Institute for Water Research), Ulrik Berggreen (Danish EPA), Line Le Gall (NHMN, France), Ignacio M. B?rbara (UCD, Spain), Janne Kim Gitmark (NIVA), Sandra Lindstrom (UBC, Canada), Sherri Pucherelli (Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Hydraulic Investigations and Lab Services, AZ, USA). Thanks to Philip F. Thomsen and Eva E. Sigsgaard at Aarhus University for initial advice on protocols for extraction from filtered samples. Finally, we thank Ciar?n Murray (NIVA), for linguistic corrections.

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© 2022 The Authors

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